Critique of the “Up-or-Out” System in Universities located in City C from the Perspectives of Path-Goal Theory, Goal-Setting Theory and Immaturity-Maturity Theory

Abstract

The “up-or-out” system has been implemented in Chinese universities for more than two decades, and its advantages and disadvantages have become increasingly evident. This study aims to critically evaluate the system within universities located in City C, employing various organizational behavioral theories, including path-goal theory, goal-setting theory, and immaturity-maturity theory.